Codeine is an analgesic drug used in humans for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It is found in many readily available medication preparations, including over-the-counter tablets, capsules, powders and syrups. Be aware that many Paracetamol and Ibuprofen based preparations also contain Codeine. Codeine in itself is not considered a significant recreational drug, but its addictive properties are well-known and this is of medical concern.
Please note that in humans Codeine is naturally metabolised to Morphine. Both of these substances are known to impair mental and physical performance and can induce a rush of euphoria and a “feel-good” sensation. This is accompanied by relief from anxiety and relaxation which can cause drowsiness. For this reason Codeine and Morphine are banned substances for Riders on race-day and are prosecuted when found in urine samples at significant levels.
Riders are hereby reminded that the NHA has the existing guideline shown below. This is in place in order to ensure that concentrations of Codeine and Morphine (resulting from the use of a Codeine preparation) do not exceed the international permitted levels during racing.
Rule 77.2.8 of the NHA describes that:
Opiates, Opiods and related substances (such as Codeine and Morphine) are banned substances for Riders. However in the case of Codeine, its presence in a sample of human (Rider) urine at a concentration of less than 2000 nanograms per millilitre shall not constitute an offence.
The official NHA guidance for a Rider not to exceed this level is:
“Do not use Codeine containing preparations one full day before the day of the race. This withdrawal time considers a normal and single dose of such a preparation. Where this dosage is exceeded the withdrawal period must be increased.”
When this above guideline is followed the Codeine concentration in urine has been shown not to exceed the 2000 ng/ml threshold. Note that a Banned Substance Guidance Document has been provided to Riders and is also available on the NHA website. Refer to your medical practitioner and this NHA document for a list of Codeine containing medications, and also a list of alternative medications which do not contain the substance.
Please be reminded it must always be declared and recorded on the Rider Medication Declaration Form if a Codeine containing preparation was used a few days prior to the date of Rider sample collection.